Wednesday, December 31, 2025

Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: Down and Backers

 Starting in 1860 the Down and Backer wagon teams were used to facilitate the westward migration.  No longer would immigrants need to supply wagon or handcart.  There would be church sponsored teams sent out from Utah in the Spring.  They would pick up the immigrants at the staging point for that year.  (This changed based on where the terminus of the grain might be.). The teams and wagons were provided by the different wards.  Usually young men would be called by the wards to drive the teams.  When the transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869 there was no longer a need for wagon companies.  

There is a song that the down and backers use to sing, Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy.
Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy

With a merry little jig and a happy little song
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
We trudge our way the whole day long
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
Look at us now all covered with dust
It's better than staying home to rust
We'll make Salt Lake someday or bust
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy

There's a pretty little gal in the outfit ahead
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
Wish she was by my side instead
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
Look at her now with a pout on her lips
As daintily with her finger tips
She picks for the fire some buffalo chips
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy

Well we dance all night by the light of the moon
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
To the fiddler's best and only tune
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy
Holding her hand and stealing a kiss
Never a step to the dance we miss
Never did I know a love like this
     Whoa Haw Buck and Jerry Boy


Monday, December 29, 2025

Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: Travel by Handcart

 Starting in 1856 and continuing through 1860, handcarts were used for the westward migration of the Church of Jesus Christ of Lagtter-day Saints.  There were ten handcart companies in all, five the first year.  The last two in 1856, as well as two wagon companies, hit early snow.  There was considerable suffering and loss of life as a result.




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Sunday, December 28, 2025

Documentary Review: Shane Kester: Prophets: Joseph Smith

Chapter 1.  Joseph Smith was not perfect.  Joseph Smith, I am not always a prophet but only when acting as a prophet.  Moroni, Joseph's name will be had for good and evil in all nations.  Internet, for good and. bad has intensified this.

Heber C. Kimball, Must have a testimony for yourself.  "No man or woman will endure on borrowed light."

Do not find fault with prophet.  Even people struggled with Jesus Christ.  so too the struggle with Joseph Smith.  

Joseph Smith, "There is no error in the revelations I have taught."  Joseph Smith was used to restore the gospel and the priesthood.  

The seed is good, but needs to be nourished.  You cannot neglect the tree and expect it to sustain.

President Nelson, "We must learn to receive revelation.  In coming days it will not be possible to survive spiritually without the guiding, directing, comforting and constant influence of the Holy Ghost...  I plead with you to increase your spiritual capacity to receive revelation.  Do the spiritual work required to enjoy the gift of the Holy Ghost and hear the voice of the spirit more frequently and more clearly."

Chapter 2: Nauvoo the Beautiful.  1844.  39 yo,  Gathering of Israel, translated the Book of Mormon, Bible translating, Doctrine and Covenants, Pearl of Great Price, temple, Kirtland, Nauvoo, proxy baptisms, endowment given to apostles, temple functioning for baptism, owned mercantile store, hotel and dock He was a farmer,  Relief Society started.  City of about 20,000.

Chapter 3: Gather up the Libelous Publications That Are Afloat. Because of slander and lies, criticism and outrage turned to violence and murder.  Joseph Smith was prophet of the fastest growing religion in the United States, mayor of the largest city in Illinois and he he was also Lieutenant General of the second largest military in the United States--the Nauvoo Legion.  

Chapter 4: The Origin of the Nauvoo Legion.  Cities were obligated to have their own militia and the governor was the Commander in Chief.  Up to 200 guns issued by the state.  Nauvoo Legion establish to defend against things happening similar to Missouri.  Law stated militia required and people were liable to be fined if they did not participate in the militia.  

Chapter 5: I teach them correct principles and they govern themselves.  We vote for who we think is best.  We do not tell people how to vote.  Joe Duncan, Joseph Smith's horse was candidate for governor who threatened the Mormons

Chapter 6: Lt. General Joseph Smith for President of the United States.  Joseph Smith was 1844 presidential candidate.  Joseph Smith was not impressed with President Martin Van Buren.  Hate to see end of nation if they continue to ignore cries of righteous people.  In not voting for Joseph Duncan the Mormons learned they have some political influence in Illinois, which is a swing state in elections for president.  No positive response from candidates on issue of Missouri retribution.  King Nebuchadnezzar dream and Daniel.  Many people believed the stone was the stone, while Joseph Smith proclaimed the stone referred to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  Joseph Smith's plan was anti slavery but not abolitionist. In Joseph's plan government would purchase slaves.  Apostles were campaigning for Joseph.

Chapter 7: The AntiMormons. Thomas C. Sharp from Warsaw created the AntiMormon party.  Warsaw Signal created to publish AntiMormon propaganda.  Carthage, Robert F. Smith, head of Carthage Greys, richest man in Hancock County, judge and head of AntiMormon party in Carthage.  William Law and other disgruntled Latter-day Saints in Nauvoo.  He says Joseph Smith was a fallen prophet.  William Law organized his own church with 12 apostles.  William Law was given printing press and published the Nauvoo Expositor.  Only on issue published and the Nauvoo town counsel destroyed the press.

Chapter 8:  Executive Order 44  Exterminate the Mormons.  Independence, Missouri was proclaimed as Zion.  Mobocratic movement in Missouri lead by other church leaders.  Missouri was a slave state and the Mormons were from the north.  The also had free negroes and thought the Indians were equals.  Expel Mormons by the Law of Nature.  No crimes but because of "peculiar situation" amend law peacable if they can but forcibly if they must.  

Manifesto of Missouri. 1. No Mormons allowed to move into county, 2. All Mormons in county must leave, Evening Star newspaper closed and all Mormon businesses shut down 4. Mormon leaders will advise everyone to comply. 5. Those who fail to comply referred to their brethren.  

This lead to the extermination order.  Tales of the atrocities of Missouri.  It also tells deprivations against the Native Americans.

Chapter 9: The Nauvoo Expositor. An attempt to relive the actions in Missouri five years earlier.  William Law was a former counsellor and knew what he was writing was not truth but was to arouse others.  Accused Joseph Smith of treason and sedition.  

Chapter 10: The Last Days.  After a three day discussion in the Nauvoo City Council, the press was declared a nuisance and abated, destroyed.  The sheriff did this, but there was no riot.  Warsaw Signal said the Mormons should be exterminated.  Joseph Smith charged with riot.  Dismissed by two judges, but Governor Ford insists they come to Carthage.  

Chapter 11: I Am Going Like a Lamb to the Slaughter.  Letter accuses Joseph of being a coward.  "If my life is of no value to my friends, it is of none to myself."  As Joseph passes the temple headed out of town, "This is the loveliest place and the best people under the heavens little do they know the trials that await them.  At Albert Fellow's Farm, "I am going like a lamb to the slaughter, but I am calm as a summers morning.  I have a conscience void of offence toward God and toward all men.  If they take my life I shall die an innocent man, and my blood shall cry from the ground for vengeance, and it shall be said of me, he was murdered in cold blood."  Joseph was Hyrum were charged with treason, which did not allow bail. Governor Ford was complicit and his words in Nauvoo were offensive.

Chapter 12: Martyrdom at Carthage Jail.  The four try to keep the door closed.  Hyrum is shot through the dorr and killed.  John Taylor is close to window and shot.  Joseph Smith begins to climb out the window.  Assassins left the door to follow him downstairs.  Joseph is killed.  Samuel Smith also dies a couple months later from hernia he sustained this day riding from the mob.  Willard Richards was not hit except a nick on his ear.  The survival of Willard Richards and John Taylor gave two witnesses which contradicted the narrative being proposed.  The Warsaw Signal had published an article saying it was an attempt by Mormons to rescue the prisoners and all the prisoners were killed, including Governor Ford.  The truth was this was a murder of two, Hyrum and Joseph Smith.

Chapter 13: Messiah Ben Ephraim.  Joseph Smith brought about gathering of Isarael in preparagtion for second coming of Messiah.

Shane Kester is with Nauvoo Tours.  This film is very informative, and a bit long.



Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: Train Travel

 All those traveling from Europe had not only a boat trip, but also a train voyage.  The train voyage did not involve taking one train from the east to Utah, or the end of the line.  It involved several different trains, and several different ferry crossings of rivers.  The extent you traveled by train increased every year.  In 1856 this was Iowa City.  In 1860 it was the Missouri.  In 1869 the train went all the way to Ogden, Ut and there was no need for overland travel.



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Thursday, December 25, 2025

Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: Ship Travel.

 During the time of the Mormon immigration, travel from Europe involved Maritime travel.  The primary port of disembarking was usually Liverpool, sometimes London.  Saints from other countries in Europe would often take passage to Liverpool, and from there another ship to America.  Ports of Call included New York and Boston.  Some would travel all the way to the Mississippi, and then up the Mississippi on a river boat, landing in St. Louis, and then across the plains from there or up the Missouri to outfit with the Saints in Florence.



A steamship could make the journey from England to America in two weeks.  However more common for Mormon migration were sailing vessels, which took six weeks.  

A typical berth
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Wednesday, December 24, 2025

Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: A New Prophet is Called

 Since the Martyrdom of Joseph Smith in June of 1844, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had been lead by the Council of twelve apostles with Brigham Young as the President of the Quorum.  After the first group had traveled to Salt Lake, and Brigham Young had returned to the Iowa/Nebraska area, he felt impressed that is was time to reorganize the First Presidency.  A tabernacle was built in Kanesville (now Council Bluffs) to facilitate this.  Although not all twelve apostles were present thee was enough for a quorum.  The others were impressed as well that ut was time.  Brigham Young was sustained as prophet and president of the church.  His counsellors were Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards.  

12 Apostles

Brigham Young

The New First Presidency

Sustaining by the apostles

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Monday, December 22, 2025

Native American Biography: Wilma Mankiller, Cherokee

 Wilma Mankiller was the first woman to be elec ted as principle chief of the Cherokee.  She was an activist and social worker.  She advocated for improved education, healthcare and housing services.  The Cherokee Nation population more than doubled in population during her ten years as chief, from 68,000 to 170,000.  She was awarded the congressional medal of freedom.  Her biography: Mankiller: A Chief and her People was published in 1993.  


Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: To the Salt Lake Basin

 There was intense planning before the trek.  And there would be several groups to travel the Mormon Trail.  The first was in 1847 with Brigham Young.  






Th Mormon Trail from Nebraska to Utah


They arrived in Salt Lake Juy 24 1847.  Some actually arrived a few days earlier and began plowing and digging ditches.  From the valley bench Brigham Young has declared, "This is the right place."


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Temple to Temple

Saturday, December 20, 2025

Mormon Trail Center Tells the Story of Mormon Migration to Utah: Along the Missouri

Mormon Pioneer stayed on both siders of the Missouri River, in Iowa and Nebraska.  However Brigham Young wanted to get an early start so encourage movement to the west side of the river.  Thre were severl stops on the west side before settling on Winter Quarters,  Many stayed on the Iowa side as well.  To prevent overcrowded in any particular area, Brigham Young asked the Saints to prred ot.  This resulted in over 100 different camps and communities.

The red dots show the LDS communities in 1846.  Coulter's Park is credited as the first city in Nebraska.  Even though it was in wagons, it had an organized government.  It was closed and the Saints thre moved to winter Quarters
.
Cold Spring and Mormon Hollow were both temporary settlements in the Bellevue area.  They were used before the Saints moved north to Cutler's Park and Winter Quarters
.




Chief Big Elk arranged for the Mormons to stay in Mormon Hollow near Bellevue.  He was negotiated with the Saints with regards to staying at Cutler's Park.  However the Otoe had a similar negotiation the next day and insisted the mormons move closer to the river.  Consequently they moved to Winter Quarters.


30th street in Florence was the most western street of Winter Quarters











Only Mormon tombstone found at Winter Quarters Cemetery




Interior of a Winter Quarters log cabin


Orson Hyde, an apostle, published the Frontier Guardian in Iowa from 1849 to 1851

sample of the Frontier Guardian


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